Gamma-ray flares from the Crab Nebula

A. A. Abdo; M. Ackermann; M. Ajello; A. Allafort; L. Baldini; J. Ballet; G. Barbiellini; D. Bastieri; K. Bechtol; R. Bellazzini; B. Berenji; R. D. Blandford; E. D. Bloom; E. Bonamente; A. W. Borgland; A. Bouvier; T. J. Brandt; J. Bregeon; A. Brez; M. Brigida; P. Bruel; R. Buehler; S. Buson; G. A. Caliandro; R. A. Cameron; A. Cannon; P. A. Caraveo; J. M. Casandjian; Ö Çelik; E. Charles; A. Chekhtman; C. C. Cheung; J. Chiang; S. Ciprini; R. Claus; J. Cohen-Tanugi; L. Costamante; S. Cutini; F. D'Ammando; C. D. Dermer; A. De Angelis; A. De Luca; F. De Palma; S. W. Digel; E. Do Couto E Silva; P. S. Drell; A. Drlica-Wagner; R. Dubois; D. Dumora; C. Favuzzi; S. J. Fegan; E. C. Ferrara; W. B. Focke; P. Fortin; M. Frailis; Y. Fukazawa; S. Funk; P. Fusco; F. Gargano; D. Gasparrini; N. Gehrels; S. Germani; N. Giglietto; F. Giordano; M. Giroletti; T. Glanzman; G. Godfrey; I. A. Grenier; M. H. Grondin; J. E. Grove; S. Guiriec; D. Hadasch; Y. Hanabata; A. K. Harding; K. Hayashi; M. Hayashida; E. Hays; D. Horan; R. Itoh; G. Jóhannesson; A. S. Johnson; T. J. Johnson; D. Khangulyan; T. Kamae; H. Katagiri; J. Kataoka; M. Kerr; J. Knödlseder; M. Kuss; J. Lande; L. Latronico; S. H. Lee; M. Lemoine-Goumard; F. Longo; F. Loparco; P. Lubrano; G. M. Madejski; A. Makeev; M. Marelli; M. N. Mazziotta; J. E. McEnery; P. F. Michelson; W. Mitthumsiri; T. Mizuno; A. A. Moiseev; C. Monte; M. E. Monzani; A. Morselli; I. V. Moskalenko; S. Murgia; T. Nakamori; M. Naumann-Godo; P. L. Nolan; J. P. Norris; E. Nuss; T. Ohsugi; A. Okumura; N. Omodei; J. F. Ormes; M. Ozaki; D. Paneque; D. Parent; V. Pelassa; M. Pepe; M. Pesce-Rollins; M. Pierbattista; F. Piron; T. A. Porter; S. Rainò; R. Rando; P. S. Ray; M. Razzano; A. Reimer; O. Reimer; T. Reposeur; S. Ritz; R. W. Romani; H. F.W. Sadrozinski; D. Sanchez; P. M. Saz Parkinson; J. D. Scargle; T. L. Schalk; C. Sgrò; E. J. Siskind; P. D. Smith; G. Spandre; P. Spinelli; M. S. Strickman; D. J. Suson; H. Takahashi; T. Takahashi; T. Tanaka; J. B. Thayer; D. J. Thompson; L. Tibaldo; D. F. Torres; G. Tosti; A. Tramacere; E. Troja; Y. Uchiyama; J. Vandenbroucke; V. Vasileiou; G. Vianello; V. Vitale; P. Wang; K. S. Wood; Z. Yang; M. Ziegler

doi:10.1126/science.1199705

Gamma-ray flares from the Crab Nebula

A. A. Abdo
, M. Ackermann
, M. Ajello
, A. Allafort
, L. Baldini
, J. Ballet
, G. Barbiellini
, D. Bastieri
, K. Bechtol
, R. Bellazzini
, B. Berenji
, R. D. Blandford
, E. D. Bloom
, E. Bonamente
, A. W. Borgland
, A. Bouvier
, T. J. Brandt
, J. Bregeon
, A. Brez
, M. Brigida

P. Bruel, R. Buehler, S. Buson, G. A. Caliandro, R. A. Cameron, A. Cannon, P. A. Caraveo, J. M. Casandjian, Ö Çelik, E. Charles, A. Chekhtman, C. C. Cheung, J. Chiang, S. Ciprini, R. Claus, J. Cohen-Tanugi, L. Costamante, S. Cutini, F. D'Ammando, C. D. Dermer, A. De Angelis, A. De Luca, F. De Palma, S. W. Digel, E. Do Couto E Silva, P. S. Drell, A. Drlica-Wagner, R. Dubois, D. Dumora, C. Favuzzi, S. J. Fegan, E. C. Ferrara, W. B. Focke, P. Fortin, M. Frailis, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, D. Gasparrini, N. Gehrels, S. Germani, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, T. Glanzman, G. Godfrey, I. A. Grenier, M. H. Grondin, J. E. Grove, S. Guiriec, D. Hadasch, Y. Hanabata, A. K. Harding, K. Hayashi, M. Hayashida, E. Hays, D. Horan, R. Itoh, G. Jóhannesson, A. S. Johnson, T. J. Johnson, D. Khangulyan, T. Kamae, H. Katagiri, J. Kataoka, M. Kerr, J. Knödlseder, M. Kuss, J. Lande, L. Latronico, S. H. Lee, M. Lemoine-Goumard, F. Longo, F. Loparco, P. Lubrano, G. M. Madejski, A. Makeev, M. Marelli, M. N. Mazziotta, J. E. McEnery, P. F. Michelson, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Mizuno, A. A. Moiseev, C. Monte, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, S. Murgia, T. Nakamori, M. Naumann-Godo, P. L. Nolan, J. P. Norris, E. Nuss, T. Ohsugi, A. Okumura, N. Omodei, J. F. Ormes, M. Ozaki, D. Paneque, D. Parent, V. Pelassa, M. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Pierbattista, F. Piron, T. A. Porter, S. Rainò, R. Rando, P. S. Ray, M. Razzano, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, T. Reposeur, S. Ritz, R. W. Romani, H. F.W. Sadrozinski, D. Sanchez, P. M. Saz Parkinson, J. D. Scargle, T. L. Schalk, C. Sgrò, E. J. Siskind, P. D. Smith, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, M. S. Strickman, D. J. Suson, H. Takahashi, T. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, J. B. Thayer, D. J. Thompson, L. Tibaldo, D. F. Torres, G. Tosti, A. Tramacere, E. Troja, Y. Uchiyama, J. Vandenbroucke, V. Vasileiou, G. Vianello, V. Vitale, P. Wang, K. S. Wood, Z. Yang, M. Ziegler

National Research Council
Naval Research Laboratory
Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
Universite Paris-Saclay
INFN Sezione di Trieste
University of Trieste
INFN
University of Padova
INFN Sezione di Perugia
University of Perugia
CNRS
The Ohio State University
Politecnico di Bari
INFN Sezione di Bari
Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC)
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
University College Dublin
INAF Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, Milan
Biochemical and Environmental Engineering
George Mason University
Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier
Science and Research Directorate
INAF Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo
INAF-IASF
and Physics University of Udine
Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS di Pavia
Univ. Bordeaux
Ip Paris
INAF-Trieste
Hiroshima University
INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia
Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research
University of Iceland
University of Maryland
ISAS/JAXA
Waseda University
University of Washington
Sezione di Roma
University of Denver
Medical University of Innsbruck
University of California at Santa Cruz
NASA Ames Research Center
Real-Time Computing Inc.
Purdue University Northwest
Pompeu Fabra University (UPF)
Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Fisica Spaziale (CIFS)
University of Geneva
University of Rome “Tor Vergata”
Stockholm University
Oskar Klein Centre

Résultats de recherche: Contribution à un journal › Article › Revue par des pairs

Résumé

A young and energetic pulsar powers the well-known Crab Nebula. Here, we describe two separate gamma-ray (photon energy greater than 100 mega-electron volts) flares from this source detected by the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. The first flare occurred in February 2009 and lasted approximately 16 days. The second flare was detected in September 2010 and lasted approximately 4 days. During these outbursts, the gamma-ray flux from the nebula increased by factors of four and six, respectively. The brevity of the flares implies that the gamma rays were emitted via synchrotron radiation from peta-electron-volt (10¹⁵ electron volts) electrons in a region smaller than 1.4 × 10^-2 parsecs. These are the highest-energy particles that can be associated with a discrete astronomical source, and they pose challenges to particle acceleration theory.

langue originale	Anglais
Pages (de - à)	739-742
Nombre de pages	4
journal	Science
Volume	331
Numéro de publication	6018
Les DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1199705
état	Publié - 11 févr. 2011

Accès au document

10.1126/science.1199705

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Contient cette citation

Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bouvier, A., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Brez, A., ... Ziegler, M. (2011). Gamma-ray flares from the Crab Nebula. Science, 331(6018), 739-742. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1199705

@article{f7fc26d4ab554313bb64770fd9686d2e,

title = "Gamma-ray flares from the Crab Nebula",

abstract = "A young and energetic pulsar powers the well-known Crab Nebula. Here, we describe two separate gamma-ray (photon energy greater than 100 mega-electron volts) flares from this source detected by the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. The first flare occurred in February 2009 and lasted approximately 16 days. The second flare was detected in September 2010 and lasted approximately 4 days. During these outbursts, the gamma-ray flux from the nebula increased by factors of four and six, respectively. The brevity of the flares implies that the gamma rays were emitted via synchrotron radiation from peta-electron-volt (1015 electron volts) electrons in a region smaller than 1.4 × 10-2 parsecs. These are the highest-energy particles that can be associated with a discrete astronomical source, and they pose challenges to particle acceleration theory.",

author = "Abdo, \{A. A.\} and M. Ackermann and M. Ajello and A. Allafort and L. Baldini and J. Ballet and G. Barbiellini and D. Bastieri and K. Bechtol and R. Bellazzini and B. Berenji and Blandford, \{R. D.\} and Bloom, \{E. D.\} and E. Bonamente and Borgland, \{A. W.\} and A. Bouvier and Brandt, \{T. J.\} and J. Bregeon and A. Brez and M. Brigida and P. Bruel and R. Buehler and S. Buson and Caliandro, \{G. A.\} and Cameron, \{R. A.\} and A. Cannon and Caraveo, \{P. A.\} and Casandjian, \{J. M.\} and {\"O} {\c C}elik and E. Charles and A. Chekhtman and Cheung, \{C. C.\} and J. Chiang and S. Ciprini and R. Claus and J. Cohen-Tanugi and L. Costamante and S. Cutini and F. D'Ammando and Dermer, \{C. D.\} and \{De Angelis\}, A. and \{De Luca\}, A. and \{De Palma\}, F. and Digel, \{S. W.\} and \{Do Couto E Silva\}, E. and Drell, \{P. S.\} and A. Drlica-Wagner and R. Dubois and D. Dumora and C. Favuzzi and Fegan, \{S. J.\} and Ferrara, \{E. C.\} and Focke, \{W. B.\} and P. Fortin and M. Frailis and Y. Fukazawa and S. Funk and P. Fusco and F. Gargano and D. Gasparrini and N. Gehrels and S. Germani and N. Giglietto and F. Giordano and M. Giroletti and T. Glanzman and G. Godfrey and Grenier, \{I. A.\} and Grondin, \{M. H.\} and Grove, \{J. E.\} and S. Guiriec and D. Hadasch and Y. Hanabata and Harding, \{A. K.\} and K. Hayashi and M. Hayashida and E. Hays and D. Horan and R. Itoh and G. J{\'o}hannesson and Johnson, \{A. S.\} and Johnson, \{T. J.\} and D. Khangulyan and T. Kamae and H. Katagiri and J. Kataoka and M. Kerr and J. Kn{\"o}dlseder and M. Kuss and J. Lande and L. Latronico and Lee, \{S. H.\} and M. Lemoine-Goumard and F. Longo and F. Loparco and P. Lubrano and Madejski, \{G. M.\} and A. Makeev and M. Marelli and Mazziotta, \{M. N.\} and McEnery, \{J. E.\} and Michelson, \{P. F.\} and W. Mitthumsiri and T. Mizuno and Moiseev, \{A. A.\} and C. Monte and Monzani, \{M. E.\} and A. Morselli and Moskalenko, \{I. V.\} and S. Murgia and T. Nakamori and M. Naumann-Godo and Nolan, \{P. L.\} and Norris, \{J. P.\} and E. Nuss and T. Ohsugi and A. Okumura and N. Omodei and Ormes, \{J. F.\} and M. Ozaki and D. Paneque and D. Parent and V. Pelassa and M. Pepe and M. Pesce-Rollins and M. Pierbattista and F. Piron and Porter, \{T. A.\} and S. Rain{\`o} and R. Rando and Ray, \{P. S.\} and M. Razzano and A. Reimer and O. Reimer and T. Reposeur and S. Ritz and Romani, \{R. W.\} and Sadrozinski, \{H. F.W.\} and D. Sanchez and \{Saz Parkinson\}, \{P. M.\} and Scargle, \{J. D.\} and Schalk, \{T. L.\} and C. Sgr{\`o} and Siskind, \{E. J.\} and Smith, \{P. D.\} and G. Spandre and P. Spinelli and Strickman, \{M. S.\} and Suson, \{D. J.\} and H. Takahashi and T. Takahashi and T. Tanaka and Thayer, \{J. B.\} and Thompson, \{D. J.\} and L. Tibaldo and Torres, \{D. F.\} and G. Tosti and A. Tramacere and E. Troja and Y. Uchiyama and J. Vandenbroucke and V. Vasileiou and G. Vianello and V. Vitale and P. Wang and Wood, \{K. S.\} and Z. Yang and M. Ziegler",

year = "2011",

month = feb,

day = "11",

doi = "10.1126/science.1199705",

language = "English",

volume = "331",

pages = "739--742",

journal = "Science",

issn = "0036-8075",

number = "6018",

}

Abdo, AA, Ackermann, M, Ajello, M, Allafort, A, Baldini, L, Ballet, J, Barbiellini, G, Bastieri, D, Bechtol, K, Bellazzini, R, Berenji, B, Blandford, RD, Bloom, ED, Bonamente, E, Borgland, AW, Bouvier, A, Brandt, TJ, Bregeon, J, Brez, A, Brigida, M, Bruel, P, Buehler, R, Buson, S, Caliandro, GA, Cameron, RA, Cannon, A, Caraveo, PA, Casandjian, JM, Çelik, Ö, Charles, E, Chekhtman, A, Cheung, CC, Chiang, J, Ciprini, S, Claus, R, Cohen-Tanugi, J, Costamante, L, Cutini, S, D'Ammando, F, Dermer, CD, De Angelis, A, De Luca, A, De Palma, F, Digel, SW, Do Couto E Silva, E, Drell, PS, Drlica-Wagner, A, Dubois, R, Dumora, D, Favuzzi, C, Fegan, SJ, Ferrara, EC, Focke, WB, Fortin, P, Frailis, M, Fukazawa, Y, Funk, S, Fusco, P, Gargano, F, Gasparrini, D, Gehrels, N, Germani, S, Giglietto, N, Giordano, F, Giroletti, M, Glanzman, T, Godfrey, G, Grenier, IA, Grondin, MH, Grove, JE, Guiriec, S, Hadasch, D, Hanabata, Y, Harding, AK, Hayashi, K, Hayashida, M, Hays, E, Horan, D, Itoh, R, Jóhannesson, G, Johnson, AS, Johnson, TJ, Khangulyan, D, Kamae, T, Katagiri, H, Kataoka, J, Kerr, M, Knödlseder, J, Kuss, M, Lande, J, Latronico, L, Lee, SH, Lemoine-Goumard, M, Longo, F, Loparco, F, Lubrano, P, Madejski, GM, Makeev, A, Marelli, M, Mazziotta, MN, McEnery, JE, Michelson, PF, Mitthumsiri, W, Mizuno, T, Moiseev, AA, Monte, C, Monzani, ME, Morselli, A, Moskalenko, IV, Murgia, S, Nakamori, T, Naumann-Godo, M, Nolan, PL, Norris, JP, Nuss, E, Ohsugi, T, Okumura, A, Omodei, N, Ormes, JF, Ozaki, M, Paneque, D, Parent, D, Pelassa, V, Pepe, M, Pesce-Rollins, M, Pierbattista, M, Piron, F, Porter, TA, Rainò, S, Rando, R, Ray, PS, Razzano, M, Reimer, A, Reimer, O, Reposeur, T, Ritz, S, Romani, RW, Sadrozinski, HFW, Sanchez, D, Saz Parkinson, PM, Scargle, JD, Schalk, TL, Sgrò, C, Siskind, EJ, Smith, PD, Spandre, G, Spinelli, P, Strickman, MS, Suson, DJ, Takahashi, H, Takahashi, T, Tanaka, T, Thayer, JB, Thompson, DJ, Tibaldo, L, Torres, DF, Tosti, G, Tramacere, A, Troja, E, Uchiyama, Y, Vandenbroucke, J, Vasileiou, V, Vianello, G, Vitale, V, Wang, P, Wood, KS, Yang, Z & Ziegler, M 2011, 'Gamma-ray flares from the Crab Nebula', Science, VOL. 331, Numéro 6018, p. 739-742. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1199705

TY - JOUR

T1 - Gamma-ray flares from the Crab Nebula

AU - Abdo, A. A.

AU - Ackermann, M.

AU - Ajello, M.

AU - Allafort, A.

AU - Baldini, L.

AU - Ballet, J.

AU - Barbiellini, G.

AU - Bastieri, D.

AU - Bechtol, K.

AU - Bellazzini, R.

AU - Berenji, B.

AU - Blandford, R. D.

AU - Bloom, E. D.

AU - Bonamente, E.

AU - Borgland, A. W.

AU - Bouvier, A.

AU - Brandt, T. J.

AU - Bregeon, J.

AU - Brez, A.

AU - Brigida, M.

AU - Bruel, P.

AU - Buehler, R.

AU - Buson, S.

AU - Caliandro, G. A.

AU - Cameron, R. A.

AU - Cannon, A.

AU - Caraveo, P. A.

AU - Casandjian, J. M.

AU - Çelik, Ö

AU - Charles, E.

AU - Chekhtman, A.

AU - Cheung, C. C.

AU - Chiang, J.

AU - Ciprini, S.

AU - Claus, R.

AU - Cohen-Tanugi, J.

AU - Costamante, L.

AU - Cutini, S.

AU - D'Ammando, F.

AU - Dermer, C. D.

AU - De Angelis, A.

AU - De Luca, A.

AU - De Palma, F.

AU - Digel, S. W.

AU - Do Couto E Silva, E.

AU - Drell, P. S.

AU - Drlica-Wagner, A.

AU - Dubois, R.

AU - Dumora, D.

AU - Favuzzi, C.

AU - Fegan, S. J.

AU - Ferrara, E. C.

AU - Focke, W. B.

AU - Fortin, P.

AU - Frailis, M.

AU - Fukazawa, Y.

AU - Funk, S.

AU - Fusco, P.

AU - Gargano, F.

AU - Gasparrini, D.

AU - Gehrels, N.

AU - Germani, S.

AU - Giglietto, N.

AU - Giordano, F.

AU - Giroletti, M.

AU - Glanzman, T.

AU - Godfrey, G.

AU - Grenier, I. A.

AU - Grondin, M. H.

AU - Grove, J. E.

AU - Guiriec, S.

AU - Hadasch, D.

AU - Hanabata, Y.

AU - Harding, A. K.

AU - Hayashi, K.

AU - Hayashida, M.

AU - Hays, E.

AU - Horan, D.

AU - Itoh, R.

AU - Jóhannesson, G.

AU - Johnson, A. S.

AU - Johnson, T. J.

AU - Khangulyan, D.

AU - Kamae, T.

AU - Katagiri, H.

AU - Kataoka, J.

AU - Kerr, M.

AU - Knödlseder, J.

AU - Kuss, M.

AU - Lande, J.

AU - Latronico, L.

AU - Lee, S. H.

AU - Lemoine-Goumard, M.

AU - Longo, F.

AU - Loparco, F.

AU - Lubrano, P.

AU - Madejski, G. M.

AU - Makeev, A.

AU - Marelli, M.

AU - Mazziotta, M. N.

AU - McEnery, J. E.

AU - Michelson, P. F.

AU - Mitthumsiri, W.

AU - Mizuno, T.

AU - Moiseev, A. A.

AU - Monte, C.

AU - Monzani, M. E.

AU - Morselli, A.

AU - Moskalenko, I. V.

AU - Murgia, S.

AU - Nakamori, T.

AU - Naumann-Godo, M.

AU - Nolan, P. L.

AU - Norris, J. P.

AU - Nuss, E.

AU - Ohsugi, T.

AU - Okumura, A.

AU - Omodei, N.

AU - Ormes, J. F.

AU - Ozaki, M.

AU - Paneque, D.

AU - Parent, D.

AU - Pelassa, V.

AU - Pepe, M.

AU - Pesce-Rollins, M.

AU - Pierbattista, M.

AU - Piron, F.

AU - Porter, T. A.

AU - Rainò, S.

AU - Rando, R.

AU - Ray, P. S.

AU - Razzano, M.

AU - Reimer, A.

AU - Reimer, O.

AU - Reposeur, T.

AU - Ritz, S.

AU - Romani, R. W.

AU - Sadrozinski, H. F.W.

AU - Sanchez, D.

AU - Saz Parkinson, P. M.

AU - Scargle, J. D.

AU - Schalk, T. L.

AU - Sgrò, C.

AU - Siskind, E. J.

AU - Smith, P. D.

AU - Spandre, G.

AU - Spinelli, P.

AU - Strickman, M. S.

AU - Suson, D. J.

AU - Takahashi, H.

AU - Takahashi, T.

AU - Tanaka, T.

AU - Thayer, J. B.

AU - Thompson, D. J.

AU - Tibaldo, L.

AU - Torres, D. F.

AU - Tosti, G.

AU - Tramacere, A.

AU - Troja, E.

AU - Uchiyama, Y.

AU - Vandenbroucke, J.

AU - Vasileiou, V.

AU - Vianello, G.

AU - Vitale, V.

AU - Wang, P.

AU - Wood, K. S.

AU - Yang, Z.

AU - Ziegler, M.

PY - 2011/2/11

Y1 - 2011/2/11

N2 - A young and energetic pulsar powers the well-known Crab Nebula. Here, we describe two separate gamma-ray (photon energy greater than 100 mega-electron volts) flares from this source detected by the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. The first flare occurred in February 2009 and lasted approximately 16 days. The second flare was detected in September 2010 and lasted approximately 4 days. During these outbursts, the gamma-ray flux from the nebula increased by factors of four and six, respectively. The brevity of the flares implies that the gamma rays were emitted via synchrotron radiation from peta-electron-volt (1015 electron volts) electrons in a region smaller than 1.4 × 10-2 parsecs. These are the highest-energy particles that can be associated with a discrete astronomical source, and they pose challenges to particle acceleration theory.

AB - A young and energetic pulsar powers the well-known Crab Nebula. Here, we describe two separate gamma-ray (photon energy greater than 100 mega-electron volts) flares from this source detected by the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. The first flare occurred in February 2009 and lasted approximately 16 days. The second flare was detected in September 2010 and lasted approximately 4 days. During these outbursts, the gamma-ray flux from the nebula increased by factors of four and six, respectively. The brevity of the flares implies that the gamma rays were emitted via synchrotron radiation from peta-electron-volt (1015 electron volts) electrons in a region smaller than 1.4 × 10-2 parsecs. These are the highest-energy particles that can be associated with a discrete astronomical source, and they pose challenges to particle acceleration theory.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/79951556096

U2 - 10.1126/science.1199705

DO - 10.1126/science.1199705

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:79951556096

SN - 0036-8075

VL - 331

SP - 739

EP - 742

JO - Science

JF - Science

IS - 6018

ER -

Gamma-ray flares from the Crab Nebula

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