GRB 221009A: The B.O.A.T. Burst that Shines in Gamma Rays

Fermi LAT Collaboration; Fermi GBM collaboration

doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ada272

GRB 221009A: The B.O.A.T. Burst that Shines in Gamma Rays

Fermi LAT Collaboration
, Fermi GBM collaboration

KTH Royal Institute of Technology
Oskar Klein Centre
Clemson University
Kanazawa University
University of Pisa
CEA/UVSQ/CNRS
Rice University
INFN Sezione di Bari
Università di Trento
INFN
University of Padova
Research Unit; CIBERNED and Universidad de La Laguna
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
California State University-Los Angeles
Politecnico di Bari
Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
INFN Sezione di Torino
University of Turin
University of Würzburg
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
INAF Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, Milan
Science and Research Directorate
Naval Research Laboratory
INFN Roma Tor Vergata
Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen
University of Perugia
INFN Sezione di Perugia
University of Maryland
INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia
Complutense University
Ruhr-University Bochum
Hiroshima University
University of Rome “Tor Vergata”
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
The Open University of Israel
George Washington University
Max-Planck-Institut für Physik
Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
University of North Florida
University of Science and Technology of China
NASA Marshall Space Flight Center
University of Trieste
INFN Sezione di Trieste
UMR 5797
The Aerospace Corporation
University of Southern Denmark
Biochemical and Environmental Engineering
Faculty of Science, Mahidol University
Vatican Observatory
Louisiana State University
INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier
University of Johannesburg
University of Innsbruck
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
University of California at Santa Cruz
NYCB Real-Time Computing Inc.
Purdue University Northwest
Nagoya University
Seoul National University
Campus UAB
Pompeu Fabra University (UPF)
Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC)
University of Nova Gorica
University of Alabama in Huntsville
Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research
Universities Space Research Association
University College Dublin
Jacobs Space Exploration Group
Université Paris-Saclay
Florida Institute of Technology
International Space Science Institute
Max Planck Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik

Résultats de recherche: Contribution à un journal › Article › Revue par des pairs

Résumé

We present a complete analysis of Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) data of GRB 221009A, the brightest gamma-ray burst (GRB) ever detected. The burst emission above 30 MeV detected by the LAT preceded, by 1 s, the low-energy (<10 MeV) pulse that triggered the Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor (GBM), as has been observed in other GRBs. The prompt phase of GRB 221009A lasted a few hundred seconds. It was so bright that we identify a bad time interval of 64 s caused by the extremely high flux of hard X-rays and soft gamma rays, during which the event reconstruction efficiency was poor and the dead time fraction quite high. The late-time emission decayed as a power law, but the extrapolation of the late-time emission during the first 450 s suggests that the afterglow started during the prompt emission. We also found that high-energy events observed by the LAT are incompatible with synchrotron origin, and, during the prompt emission, are more likely related to an extra component identified as synchrotron self-Compton (SSC). A remarkable 400 GeV photon, detected by the LAT 33 ks after the GBM trigger and directionally consistent with the location of GRB 221009A, is hard to explain as a product of SSC or TeV electromagnetic cascades, and the process responsible for its origin is uncertain. Because of its proximity and energetic nature, GRB 221009A is an extremely rare event.

langue originale	Anglais
Numéro d'article	24
journal	Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series
Volume	277
Numéro de publication	1
Les DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ada272
état	Publié - 1 mars 2025

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10.3847/1538-4365/ada272

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@article{012b20371db740bea9bce56098552139,

title = "GRB 221009A: The B.O.A.T. Burst that Shines in Gamma Rays",

abstract = "We present a complete analysis of Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) data of GRB 221009A, the brightest gamma-ray burst (GRB) ever detected. The burst emission above 30 MeV detected by the LAT preceded, by 1 s, the low-energy (<10 MeV) pulse that triggered the Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor (GBM), as has been observed in other GRBs. The prompt phase of GRB 221009A lasted a few hundred seconds. It was so bright that we identify a bad time interval of 64 s caused by the extremely high flux of hard X-rays and soft gamma rays, during which the event reconstruction efficiency was poor and the dead time fraction quite high. The late-time emission decayed as a power law, but the extrapolation of the late-time emission during the first 450 s suggests that the afterglow started during the prompt emission. We also found that high-energy events observed by the LAT are incompatible with synchrotron origin, and, during the prompt emission, are more likely related to an extra component identified as synchrotron self-Compton (SSC). A remarkable 400 GeV photon, detected by the LAT 33 ks after the GBM trigger and directionally consistent with the location of GRB 221009A, is hard to explain as a product of SSC or TeV electromagnetic cascades, and the process responsible for its origin is uncertain. Because of its proximity and energetic nature, GRB 221009A is an extremely rare event.",

author = "\{Fermi LAT Collaboration\} and \{Fermi GBM collaboration\} and M. Axelsson and M. Ajello and M. Arimoto and L. Baldini and J. Ballet and Baring, \{M. G.\} and C. Bartolini and D. Bastieri and \{Becerra Gonzalez\}, J. and R. Bellazzini and B. Berenji and E. Bissaldi and Blandford, \{R. D.\} and R. Bonino and P. Bruel and S. Buson and Cameron, \{R. A.\} and R. Caputo and Caraveo, \{P. A.\} and E. Cavazzuti and Cheung, \{C. C.\} and G. Chiaro and N. Cibrario and S. Ciprini and G. Cozzolongo and \{Cristarella Orestano\}, P. and M. Crnogorcevic and A. Cuoco and S. Cutini and F. D{\textquoteright}Ammando and \{De Gaetano\}, S. and \{Di Lalla\}, N. and A. Dinesh and \{Di Tria\}, R. and \{Di Venere\}, L. and A. Dom{\'i}nguez and Fegan, \{S. J.\} and Ferrara, \{E. C.\} and A. Fiori and A. Franckowiak and Y. Fukazawa and S. Funk and P. Fusco and G. Galanti and F. Gargano and C. Gasbarra and S. Germani and F. Giacchino and D. Horan and A. Laviron",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025. The Author(s).",

year = "2025",

month = mar,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3847/1538-4365/ada272",

language = "English",

volume = "277",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series",

issn = "0067-0049",

number = "1",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - GRB 221009A

T2 - The B.O.A.T. Burst that Shines in Gamma Rays

AU - Fermi LAT Collaboration

AU - Fermi GBM collaboration

AU - Axelsson, M.

AU - Ajello, M.

AU - Arimoto, M.

AU - Baldini, L.

AU - Ballet, J.

AU - Baring, M. G.

AU - Bartolini, C.

AU - Bastieri, D.

AU - Becerra Gonzalez, J.

AU - Bellazzini, R.

AU - Berenji, B.

AU - Bissaldi, E.

AU - Blandford, R. D.

AU - Bonino, R.

AU - Bruel, P.

AU - Buson, S.

AU - Cameron, R. A.

AU - Caputo, R.

AU - Caraveo, P. A.

AU - Cavazzuti, E.

AU - Cheung, C. C.

AU - Chiaro, G.

AU - Cibrario, N.

AU - Ciprini, S.

AU - Cozzolongo, G.

AU - Cristarella Orestano, P.

AU - Crnogorcevic, M.

AU - Cuoco, A.

AU - Cutini, S.

AU - D’Ammando, F.

AU - De Gaetano, S.

AU - Di Lalla, N.

AU - Dinesh, A.

AU - Di Tria, R.

AU - Di Venere, L.

AU - Domínguez, A.

AU - Fegan, S. J.

AU - Ferrara, E. C.

AU - Fiori, A.

AU - Franckowiak, A.

AU - Fukazawa, Y.

AU - Funk, S.

AU - Fusco, P.

AU - Galanti, G.

AU - Gargano, F.

AU - Gasbarra, C.

AU - Germani, S.

AU - Giacchino, F.

AU - Horan, D.

AU - Laviron, A.

PY - 2025/3/1

Y1 - 2025/3/1

N2 - We present a complete analysis of Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) data of GRB 221009A, the brightest gamma-ray burst (GRB) ever detected. The burst emission above 30 MeV detected by the LAT preceded, by 1 s, the low-energy (<10 MeV) pulse that triggered the Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor (GBM), as has been observed in other GRBs. The prompt phase of GRB 221009A lasted a few hundred seconds. It was so bright that we identify a bad time interval of 64 s caused by the extremely high flux of hard X-rays and soft gamma rays, during which the event reconstruction efficiency was poor and the dead time fraction quite high. The late-time emission decayed as a power law, but the extrapolation of the late-time emission during the first 450 s suggests that the afterglow started during the prompt emission. We also found that high-energy events observed by the LAT are incompatible with synchrotron origin, and, during the prompt emission, are more likely related to an extra component identified as synchrotron self-Compton (SSC). A remarkable 400 GeV photon, detected by the LAT 33 ks after the GBM trigger and directionally consistent with the location of GRB 221009A, is hard to explain as a product of SSC or TeV electromagnetic cascades, and the process responsible for its origin is uncertain. Because of its proximity and energetic nature, GRB 221009A is an extremely rare event.

AB - We present a complete analysis of Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) data of GRB 221009A, the brightest gamma-ray burst (GRB) ever detected. The burst emission above 30 MeV detected by the LAT preceded, by 1 s, the low-energy (<10 MeV) pulse that triggered the Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor (GBM), as has been observed in other GRBs. The prompt phase of GRB 221009A lasted a few hundred seconds. It was so bright that we identify a bad time interval of 64 s caused by the extremely high flux of hard X-rays and soft gamma rays, during which the event reconstruction efficiency was poor and the dead time fraction quite high. The late-time emission decayed as a power law, but the extrapolation of the late-time emission during the first 450 s suggests that the afterglow started during the prompt emission. We also found that high-energy events observed by the LAT are incompatible with synchrotron origin, and, during the prompt emission, are more likely related to an extra component identified as synchrotron self-Compton (SSC). A remarkable 400 GeV photon, detected by the LAT 33 ks after the GBM trigger and directionally consistent with the location of GRB 221009A, is hard to explain as a product of SSC or TeV electromagnetic cascades, and the process responsible for its origin is uncertain. Because of its proximity and energetic nature, GRB 221009A is an extremely rare event.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105000176708

U2 - 10.3847/1538-4365/ada272

DO - 10.3847/1538-4365/ada272

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:105000176708

SN - 0067-0049

VL - 277

JO - Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series

JF - Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series

IS - 1

M1 - 24

ER -

GRB 221009A: The B.O.A.T. Burst that Shines in Gamma Rays

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