L’intelligence artificielle peut-elle être une innovation responsable ?

Artificial intelligence (AI) represents a major challenge for responsible innovation because of the scale of the societal and productive transformations it brings about. The challenge of including AI in responsible innovation does not lie so much in the absence of theoretical concepts to guide its development, but rather in the high number of these concepts (explainable AI, transparent AI, sustainable AI, fair AI…) and in their questionable propensity to be translated into concrete actions that truly transform innovation ecosystems. Based on a systematic review of the literature, this article analyzes the main concepts contributing to the inclusion of AI in a responsible innovation approach. The results highlight the difficulty of linking the concepts together, particularly given the competition between the actors who may prioritize different concepts. This study contributes to the literature on the challenges of adopting AI and including it in a responsible innovation approach. It also discusses the risks and opportunities associated with the multiplication of concepts for including emerging technologies in a responsible innovation approach.