Measurement of correlations among net-charge, net-proton, and net-kaon multiplicity distributions in Pb-Pb collisions at = 5.02 TeV

The ALICE collaboration

doi:10.1007/JHEP08(2025)210

Measurement of correlations among net-charge, net-proton, and net-kaon multiplicity distributions in Pb-Pb collisions at = 5.02 TeV

The ALICE collaboration

European Organization for Nuclear Research
INFN Sezione di Bari
Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre India
INFN Sezione di Torino
INFN Sezione di Bologna
Aligarh Muslim University
Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information
University of P.J. Šafárik
FIAS
GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung
Central China Normal University
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
University of Houston
Sungkyunkwan University
University of Bergen
Goethe University Frankfurt am Main
Technical University of Munich
Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla
Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering
University of Derby
University of Münster
University of Heidelberg
INFN
Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
LTHE (UMR 5564 CNRS/IRD/Université de Grenoble)
University of São Paulo
University of Oslo
Yale University
University of Tokyo
INFN Sezione di Catania
Université Paris-Saclay
Kangwon National University
University of Science and Technology of China
Indian Institute of Technology Indore
University of Jammu
Agh University of Science and Technology Faculty of Computer Science
University of Kansas
University of Athens
Gauhati University
Wigner Research Centre for Physics
Université de Nantes
Clermont-Auvergne University
Lund University
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Niels Bohr Institutet
Université de Strasbourg
Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa
INFN Sezione di Trieste
Czech Technical University in Prague
Nuclear Physics Institute ASCR
Bose Institute
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Pusan National University
INFN Sezione di Pavia
University of Brescia
Institute of Space Sciences
Politecnico di Bari
Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski
Daresbury Laboratory
Stefan Meyer Institute for Subatomic Physics (SMI)
National Research Foundation
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
Institute for Nuclear Physics
Sezione di Roma
University 'Politehnica' of Bucharest
Warsaw University of Technology
University of Liverpool
Fudan University
University of Lyon
Max-Planck-Institut für Physik
Inha University
An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute
Science Park 105
University of Tsukuba
Sezione INFN di Cagliari
ENEA Climate Modeling and Impacts
University of Birmingham
Laboratory of Molecular Pathology
Federal University of ABC (UFABC)
University of Pavia
University of California, Berkeley
Università di Foggia
Comenius University
Hiroshima University
LNF-INFN
Politecnico di Torino
The University of Texas at Austin
Saga University
Chicago State University
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
University of Tennessee
Wayne State University
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Split
Universiteit Utrecht
Yerevan Physics Institute
China Institute of Atomic Energy
Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science
Yonsei University
University of Jyväskylä
University Bonn
Faculty of Technology
CINVESTAV-IPN
The Ohio State University
Technical University of Kosice
National Research and Innovation Agency - BRIN
University of Campinas (UNICAMP)
Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares de la UNAM
Suranaree University of Technology
Institute of Experimental Physics Slovak Academy of Sciences
Yildiz Technical University
Chonbuk National University
Sejong University
California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
University of Zagreb
Panjab University
National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ)
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN
University College of Southeast Norway
Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear
University of Messina
Helsinki Institute of Physics
Chungbuk National University
China University of Geosciences
Creighton University
Wroclaw University
National Nuclear Research Center
University of Tübingen
Nara Women's University
Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics Nasu
Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences

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3 Citations (Scopus)

Résumé

Correlations among conserved quantum numbers, such as the net-electric charge, the net-baryon, and the net-strangeness in heavy-ion collisions, are crucial for exploring the QCD phase diagram. In this paper, these correlations are investigated using net-proton number (as a proxy for the net-baryon), net-kaon number (for the net-strangeness), and net-charged particle number in Pb-Pb collisions at = 5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector. The observed correlations deviate from the Poissonian baseline, with a more pronounced deviation at LHC energies than at RHIC. Theoretical calculations of the Thermal-FIST hadron resonance gas model, HIJING, and EPOS LHC event generators are compared with experimental results, where a significant impact of resonance decays is observed. Thermal-FIST calculations under the grand canonical and canonical ensembles highlight significant differences, underscoring the role of local charge conservation in explaining the data. Recent lattice QCD studies have demonstrated that the magnetic field generated by spectator protons in heavy-ion collisions affects susceptibility ratios, in particular those related to the net-electric charge and the net-baryon numbers. The experimental findings are in qualitative agreement with the expectations of lattice QCD.

langue originale	Anglais
Numéro d'article	210
journal	Journal of High Energy Physics
Volume	2025
Numéro de publication	8
Les DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP08(2025)210
état	Publié - 1 août 2025
Modification externe	Oui

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10.1007/JHEP08(2025)210

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@article{a6e922e1a9314dbebd9d53325cf491fd,

title = "Measurement of correlations among net-charge, net-proton, and net-kaon multiplicity distributions in Pb-Pb collisions at = 5.02 TeV",

abstract = "Correlations among conserved quantum numbers, such as the net-electric charge, the net-baryon, and the net-strangeness in heavy-ion collisions, are crucial for exploring the QCD phase diagram. In this paper, these correlations are investigated using net-proton number (as a proxy for the net-baryon), net-kaon number (for the net-strangeness), and net-charged particle number in Pb-Pb collisions at = 5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector. The observed correlations deviate from the Poissonian baseline, with a more pronounced deviation at LHC energies than at RHIC. Theoretical calculations of the Thermal-FIST hadron resonance gas model, HIJING, and EPOS LHC event generators are compared with experimental results, where a significant impact of resonance decays is observed. Thermal-FIST calculations under the grand canonical and canonical ensembles highlight significant differences, underscoring the role of local charge conservation in explaining the data. Recent lattice QCD studies have demonstrated that the magnetic field generated by spectator protons in heavy-ion collisions affects susceptibility ratios, in particular those related to the net-electric charge and the net-baryon numbers. The experimental findings are in qualitative agreement with the expectations of lattice QCD.",

keywords = "Heavy Ion Experiments, Particle Correlations and Fluctuations, QCD, Quark Gluon Plasma",

author = "\{The ALICE collaboration\} and S. Acharya and A. Agarwal and \{Aglieri Rinella\}, G. and L. Aglietta and M. Agnello and N. Agrawal and Z. Ahammed and S. Ahmad and Ahn, \{S. U.\} and I. Ahuja and A. Akindinov and V. Akishina and M. Al-Turany and D. Aleksandrov and B. Alessandro and Alfanda, \{H. M.\} and \{Alfaro Molina\}, R. and B. Ali and A. Alici and N. Alizadehvandchali and A. Alkin and J. Alme and G. Alocco and T. Alt and Altamura, \{A. R.\} and I. Altsybeev and Alvarado, \{J. R.\} and Anaam, \{M. N.\} and C. Andrei and N. Andreou and A. Andronic and E. Andronov and V. Anguelov and F. Antinori and P. Antonioli and N. Apadula and H. Appelsh{\"a}user and C. Arata and S. Arcelli and R. Arnaldi and Arneiro, \{J. G.M.C.A.\} and Arsene, \{I. C.\} and M. Arslandok and A. Augustinus and R. Averbeck and D. Averyanov and Azmi, \{M. D.\} and H. Baba and A. Badal{\`a} and A. Shatat",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2025.",

year = "2025",

month = aug,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1007/JHEP08(2025)210",

language = "English",

volume = "2025",

journal = "Journal of High Energy Physics",

issn = "1126-6708",

publisher = "Springer Verlag",

number = "8",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Measurement of correlations among net-charge, net-proton, and net-kaon multiplicity distributions in Pb-Pb collisions at = 5.02 TeV

AU - The ALICE collaboration

AU - Acharya, S.

AU - Agarwal, A.

AU - Aglieri Rinella, G.

AU - Aglietta, L.

AU - Agnello, M.

AU - Agrawal, N.

AU - Ahammed, Z.

AU - Ahmad, S.

AU - Ahn, S. U.

AU - Ahuja, I.

AU - Akindinov, A.

AU - Akishina, V.

AU - Al-Turany, M.

AU - Aleksandrov, D.

AU - Alessandro, B.

AU - Alfanda, H. M.

AU - Alfaro Molina, R.

AU - Ali, B.

AU - Alici, A.

AU - Alizadehvandchali, N.

AU - Alkin, A.

AU - Alme, J.

AU - Alocco, G.

AU - Alt, T.

AU - Altamura, A. R.

AU - Altsybeev, I.

AU - Alvarado, J. R.

AU - Anaam, M. N.

AU - Andrei, C.

AU - Andreou, N.

AU - Andronic, A.

AU - Andronov, E.

AU - Anguelov, V.

AU - Antinori, F.

AU - Antonioli, P.

AU - Apadula, N.

AU - Appelshäuser, H.

AU - Arata, C.

AU - Arcelli, S.

AU - Arnaldi, R.

AU - Arneiro, J. G.M.C.A.

AU - Arsene, I. C.

AU - Arslandok, M.

AU - Augustinus, A.

AU - Averbeck, R.

AU - Averyanov, D.

AU - Azmi, M. D.

AU - Baba, H.

AU - Badalà, A.

AU - Shatat, A.

PY - 2025/8/1

Y1 - 2025/8/1

N2 - Correlations among conserved quantum numbers, such as the net-electric charge, the net-baryon, and the net-strangeness in heavy-ion collisions, are crucial for exploring the QCD phase diagram. In this paper, these correlations are investigated using net-proton number (as a proxy for the net-baryon), net-kaon number (for the net-strangeness), and net-charged particle number in Pb-Pb collisions at = 5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector. The observed correlations deviate from the Poissonian baseline, with a more pronounced deviation at LHC energies than at RHIC. Theoretical calculations of the Thermal-FIST hadron resonance gas model, HIJING, and EPOS LHC event generators are compared with experimental results, where a significant impact of resonance decays is observed. Thermal-FIST calculations under the grand canonical and canonical ensembles highlight significant differences, underscoring the role of local charge conservation in explaining the data. Recent lattice QCD studies have demonstrated that the magnetic field generated by spectator protons in heavy-ion collisions affects susceptibility ratios, in particular those related to the net-electric charge and the net-baryon numbers. The experimental findings are in qualitative agreement with the expectations of lattice QCD.

AB - Correlations among conserved quantum numbers, such as the net-electric charge, the net-baryon, and the net-strangeness in heavy-ion collisions, are crucial for exploring the QCD phase diagram. In this paper, these correlations are investigated using net-proton number (as a proxy for the net-baryon), net-kaon number (for the net-strangeness), and net-charged particle number in Pb-Pb collisions at = 5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector. The observed correlations deviate from the Poissonian baseline, with a more pronounced deviation at LHC energies than at RHIC. Theoretical calculations of the Thermal-FIST hadron resonance gas model, HIJING, and EPOS LHC event generators are compared with experimental results, where a significant impact of resonance decays is observed. Thermal-FIST calculations under the grand canonical and canonical ensembles highlight significant differences, underscoring the role of local charge conservation in explaining the data. Recent lattice QCD studies have demonstrated that the magnetic field generated by spectator protons in heavy-ion collisions affects susceptibility ratios, in particular those related to the net-electric charge and the net-baryon numbers. The experimental findings are in qualitative agreement with the expectations of lattice QCD.

KW - Heavy Ion Experiments

KW - Particle Correlations and Fluctuations

KW - QCD

KW - Quark Gluon Plasma

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105024338992

U2 - 10.1007/JHEP08(2025)210

DO - 10.1007/JHEP08(2025)210

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:105024338992

SN - 1126-6708

VL - 2025

JO - Journal of High Energy Physics

JF - Journal of High Energy Physics

IS - 8

M1 - 210

ER -

Measurement of correlations among net-charge, net-proton, and net-kaon multiplicity distributions in Pb-Pb collisions at = 5.02 TeV

Résumé

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