Nanosecond formation of diamond and lonsdaleite by shock compression of graphite

D. Kraus; A. Ravasio; M. Gauthier; D. O. Gericke; J. Vorberger; S. Frydrych; J. Helfrich; L. B. Fletcher; G. Schaumann; B. Nagler; B. Barbrel; B. Bachmann; E. J. Gamboa; S. Göde; E. Granados; G. Gregori; H. J. Lee; P. Neumayer; W. Schumaker; T. Döppner; R. W. Falcone; S. H. Glenzer; M. Roth

doi:10.1038/ncomms10970

Nanosecond formation of diamond and lonsdaleite by shock compression of graphite

D. Kraus
, A. Ravasio
, M. Gauthier
, D. O. Gericke
, J. Vorberger
, S. Frydrych
, J. Helfrich
, L. B. Fletcher
, G. Schaumann
, B. Nagler
, B. Barbrel
, B. Bachmann
, E. J. Gamboa
, S. Göde
, E. Granados
, G. Gregori
, H. J. Lee
, P. Neumayer
, W. Schumaker
, T. Döppner

R. W. Falcone, S. H. Glenzer, M. Roth

University of California, Berkeley
Stanford Linear Accelerator Center
University of Warwick
Max Plank Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems
Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay
Technische Universität Darmstadt
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
University of Oxford
GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung

Résultats de recherche: Contribution à un journal › Article › Revue par des pairs

Résumé

The shock-induced transition from graphite to diamond has been of great scientific and technological interest since the discovery of microscopic diamonds in remnants of explosively driven graphite. Furthermore, shock synthesis of diamond and lonsdaleite, a speculative hexagonal carbon polymorph with unique hardness, is expected to happen during violent meteor impacts. Here, we show unprecedented in situ X-ray diffraction measurements of diamond formation on nanosecond timescales by shock compression of pyrolytic as well as polycrystalline graphite to pressures from 19 GPa up to 228 GPa. While we observe the transition to diamond starting at 50 GPa for both pyrolytic and polycrystalline graphite, we also record the direct formation of lonsdaleite above 170 GPa for pyrolytic samples only. Our experiment provides new insights into the processes of the shock-induced transition from graphite to diamond and uniquely resolves the dynamics that explain the main natural occurrence of the lonsdaleite crystal structure being close to meteor impact sites.

langue originale	Anglais
Numéro d'article	10970
journal	Nature Communications
Volume	7
Les DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10970
état	Publié - 14 mars 2016
Modification externe	Oui

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10.1038/ncomms10970

Contient cette citation

Kraus, D., Ravasio, A., Gauthier, M., Gericke, D. O., Vorberger, J., Frydrych, S., Helfrich, J., Fletcher, L. B., Schaumann, G., Nagler, B., Barbrel, B., Bachmann, B., Gamboa, E. J., Göde, S., Granados, E., Gregori, G., Lee, H. J., Neumayer, P., Schumaker, W., ... Roth, M. (2016). Nanosecond formation of diamond and lonsdaleite by shock compression of graphite. Nature Communications, 7, Article 10970. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10970

@article{e7822125e234407ba1d8d12230e9973c,

title = "Nanosecond formation of diamond and lonsdaleite by shock compression of graphite",

abstract = "The shock-induced transition from graphite to diamond has been of great scientific and technological interest since the discovery of microscopic diamonds in remnants of explosively driven graphite. Furthermore, shock synthesis of diamond and lonsdaleite, a speculative hexagonal carbon polymorph with unique hardness, is expected to happen during violent meteor impacts. Here, we show unprecedented in situ X-ray diffraction measurements of diamond formation on nanosecond timescales by shock compression of pyrolytic as well as polycrystalline graphite to pressures from 19 GPa up to 228 GPa. While we observe the transition to diamond starting at 50 GPa for both pyrolytic and polycrystalline graphite, we also record the direct formation of lonsdaleite above 170 GPa for pyrolytic samples only. Our experiment provides new insights into the processes of the shock-induced transition from graphite to diamond and uniquely resolves the dynamics that explain the main natural occurrence of the lonsdaleite crystal structure being close to meteor impact sites.",

author = "D. Kraus and A. Ravasio and M. Gauthier and Gericke, \{D. O.\} and J. Vorberger and S. Frydrych and J. Helfrich and Fletcher, \{L. B.\} and G. Schaumann and B. Nagler and B. Barbrel and B. Bachmann and Gamboa, \{E. J.\} and S. G{\"o}de and E. Granados and G. Gregori and Lee, \{H. J.\} and P. Neumayer and W. Schumaker and T. D{\"o}ppner and Falcone, \{R. W.\} and Glenzer, \{S. H.\} and M. Roth",

year = "2016",

month = mar,

day = "14",

doi = "10.1038/ncomms10970",

language = "English",

volume = "7",

journal = "Nature Communications",

issn = "2041-1723",

}

Kraus, D, Ravasio, A, Gauthier, M, Gericke, DO, Vorberger, J, Frydrych, S, Helfrich, J, Fletcher, LB, Schaumann, G, Nagler, B, Barbrel, B, Bachmann, B, Gamboa, EJ, Göde, S, Granados, E, Gregori, G, Lee, HJ, Neumayer, P, Schumaker, W, Döppner, T, Falcone, RW, Glenzer, SH & Roth, M 2016, 'Nanosecond formation of diamond and lonsdaleite by shock compression of graphite', Nature Communications, VOL. 7, 10970. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10970

TY - JOUR

T1 - Nanosecond formation of diamond and lonsdaleite by shock compression of graphite

AU - Kraus, D.

AU - Ravasio, A.

AU - Gauthier, M.

AU - Gericke, D. O.

AU - Vorberger, J.

AU - Frydrych, S.

AU - Helfrich, J.

AU - Fletcher, L. B.

AU - Schaumann, G.

AU - Nagler, B.

AU - Barbrel, B.

AU - Bachmann, B.

AU - Gamboa, E. J.

AU - Göde, S.

AU - Granados, E.

AU - Gregori, G.

AU - Lee, H. J.

AU - Neumayer, P.

AU - Schumaker, W.

AU - Döppner, T.

AU - Falcone, R. W.

AU - Glenzer, S. H.

AU - Roth, M.

PY - 2016/3/14

Y1 - 2016/3/14

N2 - The shock-induced transition from graphite to diamond has been of great scientific and technological interest since the discovery of microscopic diamonds in remnants of explosively driven graphite. Furthermore, shock synthesis of diamond and lonsdaleite, a speculative hexagonal carbon polymorph with unique hardness, is expected to happen during violent meteor impacts. Here, we show unprecedented in situ X-ray diffraction measurements of diamond formation on nanosecond timescales by shock compression of pyrolytic as well as polycrystalline graphite to pressures from 19 GPa up to 228 GPa. While we observe the transition to diamond starting at 50 GPa for both pyrolytic and polycrystalline graphite, we also record the direct formation of lonsdaleite above 170 GPa for pyrolytic samples only. Our experiment provides new insights into the processes of the shock-induced transition from graphite to diamond and uniquely resolves the dynamics that explain the main natural occurrence of the lonsdaleite crystal structure being close to meteor impact sites.

AB - The shock-induced transition from graphite to diamond has been of great scientific and technological interest since the discovery of microscopic diamonds in remnants of explosively driven graphite. Furthermore, shock synthesis of diamond and lonsdaleite, a speculative hexagonal carbon polymorph with unique hardness, is expected to happen during violent meteor impacts. Here, we show unprecedented in situ X-ray diffraction measurements of diamond formation on nanosecond timescales by shock compression of pyrolytic as well as polycrystalline graphite to pressures from 19 GPa up to 228 GPa. While we observe the transition to diamond starting at 50 GPa for both pyrolytic and polycrystalline graphite, we also record the direct formation of lonsdaleite above 170 GPa for pyrolytic samples only. Our experiment provides new insights into the processes of the shock-induced transition from graphite to diamond and uniquely resolves the dynamics that explain the main natural occurrence of the lonsdaleite crystal structure being close to meteor impact sites.

U2 - 10.1038/ncomms10970

DO - 10.1038/ncomms10970

M3 - Article

C2 - 26972122

AN - SCOPUS:84960968061

SN - 2041-1723

VL - 7

JO - Nature Communications

JF - Nature Communications

M1 - 10970

ER -

Nanosecond formation of diamond and lonsdaleite by shock compression of graphite

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