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Operating a full tungsten actively cooled tokamak: Overview of WEST first phase of operation

  • J. Bucalossi
  • , J. Achard
  • , O. Agullo
  • , T. Alarcon
  • , L. Allegretti
  • , H. Ancher
  • , G. Antar
  • , S. Antusch
  • , V. Anzallo
  • , C. Arnas
  • , D. Arranger
  • , J. F. Artaud
  • , M. H. Aumeunier
  • , S. G. Baek
  • , X. Bai
  • , J. Balbin
  • , C. Balorin
  • , T. Barbui
  • , A. Barbuti
  • , J. Barlerin
  • V. Basiuk, T. Batal, O. Baulaigue, A. Bec, M. Bécoulet, E. Benoit, E. Benard, J. M. Benard, N. Bertelli, E. Bertrand, P. Beyer, J. Bielecki, P. Bienvenu, R. Bisson, V. Bobkov, G. Bodner, C. Bottereau, C. Bouchand, F. Bouquey, C. Bourdelle, J. Bourg, S. Brezinsek, F. Brochard, C. Brun, V. Bruno, H. Bufferand, A. Bureau, S. Burles, Y. Camenen, B. Cantone, E. Caprin, S. Carpentier, G. Caulier, N. Chanet, O. Chellai, Y. Chen, M. Chernyshova, P. Chmielewski, W. Choe, A. Chomiczewska, G. Ciraolo, F. Clairet, J. Coenen, L. Colas, G. Colledani, J. Colnel, P. Coquillat, E. Corbel, Y. Corre, S. Costea, X. Courtois, T. Czarski, R. Daniel, J. Daumas, M. De Combarieu, G. De Temmerman, P. De Vries, C. Dechelle, F. Deguara, R. Dejarnac, J. M. Delaplanche, L. F. Delgado-Aparicio, E. Delmas, L. Delpech, C. Desgranges, P. Devynck, S. Di Genova, R. Diab, A. Diallo, M. Diez, G. Dif-Pradalier, M. Dimitrova, B. Ding, T. Dittmar, L. Doceul, M. Domenes, D. Douai, H. Dougnac, X. Duan, L. Dubus, N. Dumas, R. Dumont, F. Durand, A. Durif, A. Durocher, F. Durodié, A. Ekedahl, D. Elbeze, S. Ertmer, A. Escarguel, F. Escourbiac, K. Ezato, F. Faisse, N. Faure, N. Fedorczak, P. Fejoz, C. Fenzi-Bonizec, F. Ferlay, M. Firdaouss, L. Fleury, D. Flouquet, A. Gallo, Y. Gao, X. Garbet, J. Garcia, J. L. Gardarein, L. Gargiulo, P. Garibaldi, S. Garitta, J. Gaspar, E. Gauthier, P. Gavila, S. Gazzotti, F. Gely, M. Geynet, S. Gharafi, P. Ghendrih, I. Giacalone, C. Gil, S. Ginoux, S. Girard, E. Giroux, G. Giruzzi, C. Goletto, M. Goniche, T. Gray, E. Grelier, H. Greuner, E. Grigore, C. Grisolia, A. Grosjean, A. Grosman, D. Guibert, D. Guilhem, C. Guillemaut, B. Guillermin, R. Guirlet, J. P. Gunn, Y. Gunsu, T. Gyergyek, A. Hakola, J. Harris, J. C. Hatchressian, W. Helou, P. Hennequin, C. Hernandez, K. Hill, J. Hillairet, T. Hirai, G. T. Hoang, M. Houry, T. Hutter, F. Imbeaux, N. Imbert, I. Ivanova-Stanik, R. Jalageas, A. Jardin, L. Jaubert, G. Jiolat, A. Jonas, P. Joubert, A. Kirschner, C. Klepper, M. Komm, M. Koubiti, J. Kovacic, M. Kozeiha, K. Krieger, K. Krol, B. Lacroix, L. Laguardia, V. Lamaison, H. Laqua, C. Lau, Y. Lausenaz, R. Lé, M. Le Bohec, N. Lefevre, N. Lemoine, E. Lerche, M. Lewerentz, Y. Li, M. Li, A. Liang, P. Linczuk, C. Linsmeier, M. Lipa, X. Litaudon, X. Liu, J. Llorens, T. Loarer, A. Loarte, T. Loewenhoff, G. Lombard, J. Lore, P. Lorenzetto, P. Lotte, M. Lozano, B. Lu, R. Lunsford, G. Luo, P. Magaud, P. Maget, J. F. Mahieu, P. Maini, P. Malard, K. Malinowski, P. Manas, L. Manenc, Y. Marandet, J. L. Marechal, S. Marek, C. Martin, E. Martin, A. Martinez, P. Martino, D. Mazon, P. Messina, L. Meunier, D. Midou, Y. Mineo, M. Missilian, R. Mitteau, B. Mitu, P. Mollard, V. Moncada, T. Mondiere, J. Morales, M. Moreau, P. Moreau, Y. Moudden, G. Moureau, D. Mouyon, M. Muraglia, A. Nagy, T. Nakano, E. Nardon, A. Neff, F. Nespoli, J. Nichols, S. Nicollet, R. Nouailletas, M. Ono, V. Ostuni, C. Parish, H. Park, H. Parrat, J. Y. Pascal, B. Pégourié, F. P. Pellissier, Y. Peneliau, M. Peret, Y. Peysson, E. Pignoly, G. Pintsuk, R. Pitts, C. Pocheau, C. Portafaix, M. Poulos, P. Prochet, A. Puig Sitjes, M. Rasinski, G. Raup, X. Regal-Mezin, C. Reux, B. Riccardi, J. Rice, M. Richou, F. Rigollet, H. Roche, J. Romazanov, C. Ruset, R. Sabot, A. Saille, R. Sakamoto, T. Salmon, F. Samaille, A. Santagiustina, B. Santraine, Y. Sarazin, E. Serre, H. Shin, S. Shiraiwai, Ja Signoret, Je Signoret, A. Simonin, O. Skalli Fettachi, Y. Song, A. Spring, P. Spuig, S. Sridhar, B. Stratton, C. Talatizi, P. Tamain, R. Tatali, M. Téna, A. Torre, L. Toulouse, J. M. Travère, W. Treutterer, E. Tsitrone, E. Unterberg, G. Urbanczyk, D. Van Eester, G. Van Rooij, S. Vartanian, J. M. Verger, L. Vermare, D. Vézinet, N. Vignal, B. Vincent, S. Vives, D. Volpe, G. Wallace, E. Wang, L. Wang, Yi Wang, Yo Wang, T. Wauters, B. Wirth, M. Wirtz, A. Wojenski, J. Wright, M. Xu, Q. Yang, H. Yang, B. Zago, Zagorski, B. Zhang, X. Zhang, X. Zou
  • CEA Cadarache
  • Aix-Marseille Université
  • American University of Beirut
  • Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research
  • Plasma Science and Fusion Center
  • Southwestern Institute of Physics China
  • Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory
  • Institute for Nuclear Physics
  • Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik
  • Research Centre Julich
  • Nancy Université
  • ITER
  • Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies
  • Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
  • University of Ljubljana
  • Institute for Plasma Research
  • Institute of Plasma Physics AS CR
  • Aix Marseille Université
  • Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
  • Koninklijke Militaire School - Ecole Royale Militaire
  • National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology
  • IUSTI
  • Fusion for Energy
  • Oak Ridge National Laboratory
  • Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR)
  • Pohang University of Science and Technology
  • VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd
  • Ev-K2-CNR Committee
  • University of Tennessee
  • Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology
  • National Institute for Fusion Science
  • Shenzhen University
  • FOM Institute DIFFER 'Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research'
  • Warsaw University of Technology

Résultats de recherche: Contribution à un journalArticle de révisionRevue par des pairs

Résumé

WEST is an MA class superconducting, actively cooled, full tungsten (W) tokamak, designed to operate in long pulses up to 1000 s. In support of ITER operation and DEMO conceptual activities, key missions of WEST are: (i) qualification of high heat flux plasma-facing components in integrating both technological and physics aspects in relevant heat and particle exhaust conditions, particularly for the tungsten monoblocks foreseen in ITER divertor; (ii) integrated steady-state operation at high confinement, with a focus on power exhaust issues. During the phase 1 of operation (2017-2020), a set of actively cooled ITER-grade plasma facing unit prototypes was integrated into the inertially cooled W coated startup lower divertor. Up to 8.8 MW of RF power has been coupled to the plasma and divertor heat flux of up to 6 MW m-2 were reached. Long pulse operation was started, using the upper actively cooled divertor, with a discharge of about 1 min achieved. This paper gives an overview of the results achieved in phase 1. Perspectives for phase 2, operating with the full capability of the device with the complete ITER-grade actively cooled lower divertor, are also described.

langue originaleAnglais
Numéro d'article042007
journalNuclear Fusion
Volume62
Numéro de publication4
Les DOIs
étatPublié - 1 avr. 2022

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