Unsupervised Similarity Learning for Image Registration with Energy-Based Models

We present a new model for deformable image registration, which learns in an unsupervised way a data-specific similarity metric. The proposed method consists of two neural networks, one that maps pairs of input images to transformations which align them, and one that provides the similarity metric whose maximisation guides the image alignment. We parametrise the similarity metric as an energy-based model, which is simple to train and allows us to improve the accuracy of image registration compared to other models with learnt similarity metrics by taking advantage of a more general mathematical formulation, as well as larger datasets. We also achieve substantial improvement in the accuracy of inter-patient image registration on MRI scans from the OASIS dataset compared to models that rely on traditional functions.